How+Space+Travel+has+Changed+Over+Time

=How Space Travel has Changed over time=

Jack Muirhead and Sam Tohill
= = =Yuri Gagarin- First Human in Space=

Early Life
Yuri Gagarin was born in the village of Klushino in Russia, on 9 March 1934. .His parents, Alexey Ivanovich Gagarin and Anna Timofeyevna Gagarina, worked on acollective farm. While manual labourers are described in official reports as "peasants", this may be an oversimplification if applied to his parents — his mother was reportedly a voracious reader, and his father a skilled carpenter. Yuri was the third of four children, and his elder sister helped raise him while his parents worked. Like millions of people in the Soviet Union, the Gagarin family suffered during Nazi occupation in World War II. His two elder siblings were deported to Nazi Germany for slave labour in 1943, and did not return until after the war. While a youth, Yuri became interested in space and planets, and began to dream about his space tour which would one day become a reality.

Space Flight
In 1960, after the search and selection process, Yuri Gagarin was selected with 19 other cosmonauts for the Soviet space program. Along with the other prospective cosmonauts, he was subjected to experiments designed to test his physical and psychological endurance; he also underwent training for the upcoming flight. Out of the twenty selected, Gagarin was selected to make the flight. On 12 April 1961, Gagarin became the first man to travel into [|space], launching to orbit aboard the Vostok 3KA-3 (Vostok 1). During his flight, Gagarin famously whistled the tune "The Motherland Hears, The Motherland Knows The first two lines of the song are: "The Motherland hears, the Motherland knows/Where her son flies in the sky".

=Apollo 1- The first NASA Tragedy=

Information
Apollo 1 (official designation Apollo/Saturn-204) was planned to be the first manned mission of the Apollo manned lunar landing program, set to launch in February 1967. Its flight was precluded by a fatal fire on January 27, which killed all three crew members (Command PilotVirgil "Gus" Grissom, Senior Pilot Edward H. White, and Pilot Roger B. Chaffee), and destroyed the Command Module cabin. This occurred during a pre-launch test of the spacecraft on Launch Pad 34 at Cape Canaveral. The name Apollo 1, chosen by the crew, was officially assigned media type="youtube" key="rROC8RoIRgI?fs=1" height="346" width="432" align="right" retroactively in commemoration of them.

Fire
During preflight checks the crew heard strange noises, about 10 seconds after that a fire broke out Intense heat, dense toxic smoke, malfunctioning gas masks and shock waves and explosions from the cabin hampered the ground crew's rescue efforts. There were fears the fire might ignite the solid fuel rockets in the launch escape tower above the command module, likely killing nearby ground personnel. It took five minutes to open the inner and outer hatches, a set of three with many ratchets.

Cause
The reason why the astronauts were unable to escape from the cabin was because of the pressure the fire created by burning inside the cabin. The fire thrived in the oxygen rich area inside the cabin. The review board noted a silver-plated copper wire running through an environmental control unit near the center couch had become stripped of its Teflon insulation and abraded by repeated opening and closing of a small access door. The review board could not find the initial ignition source of the fire but they suspected this weak spot could have been the cause

=Apollo 11- The Moon Landing=

Information
The Apollo 11 space flight landed the first humans on Earth's Moon on July 20, 1969. The mission, carried out by the United States, is considered a major accomplishment in the history of exploration and represented a victory by the U.S. in the Cold War with media type="youtube" key="RMINSD7MmT4?fs=1" height="346" width="432" align="right" theSoviet Union. Launched from Florida on July 16, the third lunar mission of NASA's Apollo program. The ship was was crewed by Commander Neil Alden Armstrong, Command Module Pilot Michael Collins, and Lunar Module Pilot Edwin Eugene "Buzz" Aldrin, Jr.

Cause
On July 20, Armstrong and Aldrin landed in the Sea of Tranquility and became the first humans to walk on the Moon. Their landing craft, Eagle, spent 21 hours and 31 minutes on the lunar surface while Collins orbited above in the command ship, Columbia. The three astronauts returned to Earth with 47.5 pounds (21.55 kilograms) of lunar rocks and landed in the Pacific Ocean on July 24. Apollo 11 fulfilled U.S. President John F. Kennedy's goal of reaching the moon before the Soviet Union by the end of the 1960s, which he had expressed during a 1961 mission statement before the United States Congress: "I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth. Five additional Apollo missions landed on the Moon from 1969–1972.

=Space Shuttle Columbia- The First Space Shuttle=

Construction
Construction began on Columbia in 1975 at Rockwell International's (now Boeing North America) principal assembly facility in Palmdale, California, a suburb of Los Angeles. Columbia was named after the Boston-based[|sloop] Columbia captained by Robert Gray. It is also named after theCommand Module of Apollo 11, the first manned landing on another celestial body. After construction, the orbiter arrived at Kennedy Space Center on March 25, 1979, to prepare for its first launch. On March 19, 1981, during preparations for a ground test, two workers were asphyxiated while working in Columbia's nitrogen-purged aft engine compartment, resulting in their deaths.

media type="youtube" key="JmWbV_YkQT0?fs=1" height="346" width="432" align="right"

Missions
Space Shuttle Columbia flew 28 flights, spent 300.74 days in space, completed 4,808 orbits, and flew 125,204,9 11 miles (201,497,772 km) in total, including its final mission.Columbia was the only shuttle to have been spaceworthy during the Shuttle-Mir and International Space Station programs and yet to have never visited either Mir or ISS. In contrast,Discovery, Atlantis, and Endeavour have all visited both stations at least once, as Columbia was not suited for high-inclination missions.

Disaster
Columbia was destroyed at about 0900 EST on February 1, 2003 while re-entering the atmosphere after a 16-day scientific mission. TheColumbia Accident Investigation Board determined that a hole was punctured in the leading edge on one of Columbia's wings, made of a carbon-carbon composite. The hole had formed when a piece of insulating foam from the external fuel tank peeled off during the launch 16 days earlier and struck the shuttle's wing. During the intense heat of re-entry, hot gases penetrated the interior of the wing, destroying the support structure and causing the rest of the shuttle to break apart.